How it Works
Researchers are studying 3CL Protease Inhibitors for their potential to stop infections
How 3CL Protease Inhibitors Work to Fight Infections
A virus, is a single strand of RNA (or DNA) wrapped in a protein envelope. The RNA contains the genetic instructions the virus needs to make copies of itself. Viruses spread with a simple two-step process:
I. Break into a healthy cell
II. Hijack the cell’s own mechanisms to make copies of itself
Studies have shown, however, that by using protease inhibitors, we can stop the virus’ ability to replicate itself, thus, stopping it from spreading. To understand how this is done, let’s take a closer look at the lifecycle of a virus:
When a virus infects the cells of the human body, it begins to use their various mechanisms to be able to reproduce. The process of activating cells to express viral proteins and thus, producing more copies of the virus, is a key step in the pathogenesis of the virus and its ability to infect new cells in order to survive.
Initially, the infected cell produces a series of viral proteins that are mostly non-functional. Some enzymes, called proteases, break down the precursor protein molecules in specific areas, to finally produce functional molecules necessary for the survival, reproduction and growth of new viruses.
1. The Start of an Infection
An infection starts with a single strand of RNA wrapped in a protein envelope. The RNA contains the genetic instructions the infection needs to make copies of itself.
2. RNA to Polypeptide Conversion
Once inside, the virus RNA converts into a polypeptide. This long protein is like a bus for the team of enzymes whose job it is to make more of the virus.
3. Enzymes Separation
Before these enzymes can start working, they need to be separated from each other. The protease enzyme acts like a pair of scissors, cutting the polypeptide up into the different enzymes that then become functional.
4. Protease Blocking
Before these enzymes can start working, they need to be separated from each other. The protease enzyme acts like a pair of scissors, cutting the polypeptide up into the different enzymes that then become functional.
